Theses on three dimensional GIS
Bregje Brugman
3D topological structure management within a DBMS - validating a topological volume
(...) The first use of topology has been attributed to Euler in 1736, since then, topology has evolved in mathematics but also in GIS. Since the second half of the 20th century, 2D topological data structures are historically well established, with structures like TIGER and GBF/DIME. Several 3D topological structures have been developed as well. Most of them by researchers (for example 3D FDS and SSS). No commercial geo-DBMS has implemented a 3D topological structure, until recently. 1Spatial has developed a 3D topological structure. This structure has been analyzed among other 2D and 3D structures (chapter 2).
It is clear that the existing structures differ a lot. Some structures maintain a 3D primitive while others do not. Orientation is stored in different ways, the same applies for geometry and singularities. Some structures have quite some redundancy, while other structures have only a few relationships stored explicitly, which makes maintaining the structure harder. In spite of the many differences, the characteristics of, both 2D and 3D, topological structures are based on the same aspects: dimension, partition (including the universe), primitives (including their relationships), orientation, singularities and geometrical realization. (...)
Supervisors:
Professor: Peter van Oosterom (TU Delft)
Supervisor: T. Tijssen (TU Delft)
Reviewer: Ron van Lammeren (WUR Wageningen)
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Joel Hempenius
Exploring 3D Visualisation of vegetation
3D visualisation of vegetation change can communicate for instance the loss of rare plant species, vegetation stress or vegetation risks in order to raise awareness. 3D visualisation might also be helpful in the nature management process, by visualising the effects of certain decisions, such as removing biomass from a vegetation area. In order to make a 3D visualisation of a vegetation model, it is necessary that this model has a map as output together with more information which describes the composition of this vegetation. These will serve as the input for distribution modelling of the individual plant species. 3D models of the plants can be placed at the point distribution which is created by this distribution tool. To get these 3D models of the plants, the plants which contribute to the grain, colour and structure of the vegetation type will have to be selected and 3D modelled. This point distribution of the plants and the 3D models can be brought together in a 3D simulation, together with a DEM and an aerial photo to model height and to give the substrate a natural colour. (...)
Supervisors:
Professor: Ron van Lammeren (WUR Wageningen)
Supervisor: Henk Kramer
Reviewer: -
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John Schaap
Towards a 3D geo-data model to support pedestrian routing in multimodal public transport travel advices
Web based multimodal travel planners are able to generate adequate travel advises for the public transport using timetable information. These travel advises are nowadays lacking detailed pedestrian route advises for the walking parts of a journey. This research focuses on developing a 3D geo data model to support pedestrian route finding for access, change and egress public transport in multimodal travel advises. The research studies the suitability of Oracle spatial 11g to find walk routes in such geo data models. It focus on geo data models to support finding an optimal route for the individual public transport traveller taking into account his specific preferences and constrains (e.g. wheelchair) for the pedestrian part of the journey in a travel advise. Travel time and time pressure, physical effort safety and conform personnel characteristics and vicinity are seen as important aspects of an optimal route. A literature study is done on existing standards and models to investigate approaches to develop such a 3D geo data model. (...)
Supervisors:
Professor: Peter van Oosterom (TU Delft)
Supervisor: Sisi Zlatanova (TU Delft)
Reviewer: Corné van Elzakker (UT/ITC Enschede)
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Tom van der Putte
Using the discrete 3D Voronoi diagram for the modelling of 3D continuous information in
geosciences
(...) The exact 3D Voronoi diagram is a data model in vector format that has been investigated for quite some years now, often in different areas of sciences. The properties, the advantages and the disadvantages of this data model have been documented. The discrete 3D Voronoi diagram is a data structure in raster format, and, although it has been investigated, it has not been properly documented with respect to its properties, advantages and disadvantages. In this thesis these properties are described, especially in light of the modelling of continuous field data in the realm of geosciences, to perform for instance the natural neighbour interpolation, visualize the data distribution and other spatial operations.
To do so, first a new algorithm has been devised, based on literature reviews of different articles on the 3D discrete Voronoi diagram. The new algorithm presented in this thesis has been implemented through the Python programming language. In order to use the discrete 3D Voronoi diagram in combination with geo-scientific, continuous data, a GIS that handles 3D raster data was identified, namely GRASS, and the possibilities and functionalities of GRASS with respect to the discrete 3D Voronoi diagram were investigated. Some functionality, such as resampling and natural neighbour interpolation, that was not found in the GIS but that is considered necessary, has also been implemented. (...)
Supervisors:
Professor: Peter van Oosterom (TU Delft)
Supervisor: Hugo Ledoux (TU Delft)
Reviewer: Derek Karssenberg (Utrecht University)
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Mahmud Shahrear Kibria (Shuman)
Functionalities of geo-virtual environments to visualize urban projects
This Master of Science thesis states the taxonomy of functionalities and the visual materials of geovirtual environments for the visualization of urban projects. The core of this visualization thesis is based on a requirement analysis process using the software approach of Requirement Engineering. It contains two important aspects. The requirement analysis part of the thesis identifies the functionalities that can be used in visual interaction between actors in the planning process. The second aspect of the thesis investigates the use of visual materials in geo-virtual environments to visualize the different planning phases of urban development. The relationship between the urban planning phases and the use of multi-dimensionality, realism and Levels of Detail (LoD) in models has been established here. Through observation, the thesis has analyzed the relationship between the use of visual materials and the human perception to understand them. Moreover, it has stated a process to create 3D base models on the basis of geo-data through widely used GIS software. The thesis elaborates the functionality domains of geo-virtual environments through the introduction of the construction, capabilities, experiencing, controlling, use, exploration
and components functionalities. This taxonomy is achieved through the analysis of requirements of specific Dutch municipalities. These functionalities can be used for collaborative design process by the municipalities and facilitate visual interaction with actors like citizens. Based on the requirement analysis, the thesis sheds light on the knowledge-gap with regards to the classification of functionalities and visual materials. It uses scientific methods, provides results, extensively analyzes the outcome and states the core findings at the end.
Supervisors:
Professor: Peter van Oosterom, TUD
Supervisors: Sisi Zlatanova, M.J. van Dorst (TUD, BK), Wilko Quak
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Chong SC
TOWARDS A 3D CADASTRE FOR MALAYSIA - An Implementation Evaluation
The concept of land is always three-dimensional. Latin maxim "Cujus est solum, ejus est usque ad coelum ad infernos" can be roughly translated as "land ownership extends from heaven to hell". That is, owning a piece of land includes not only the horizontal land surface within the lot parcel, but also vertically downward and upward within practical and legal feasibility (Platt, 1991). Fast economic development driven by the population growth, expanding economy and rising standard of living standard led to many multilayer activities related to land parcel. Traditional parcel-based cadastral system is 2D, dealing only with surface properties, is found to be inadequate for registering today's complex property situations. This research has investigated the feasibility of introducing 3D Cadastre into Malaysia Cadastre. The conclusion was that 3D presentation will permit better definition of cadastral spatial subdivision, which in turn will provide better means for inspection and analysis of data, than the current 2D system.
Supervisors:
Professor: J.W.J. Besemer, TU Delft
Supervisor: Hendrik Ploeger, TU Delft
Reviewer: Alias Abdul Rahman, UTM, Malaysia, Christiaan Lemmen, ITC
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